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Mathematics: Advanced research

Data and Statistics

Comparing Data and Statistics by using ingredients and a recipe.

Imagine you look at a recipe. Data are your ingredients and Statistics are the final product.

Observational - What you capture in real-time.
Experimental - What you produce in your lab classes.
Simulation - Modeling / Machine-generated.
Derived - Text mining, 3D models.
Textual - Field or Lab notebooks.
Discipline-specific - E.g., Viewing stars through a telescope.
Instrument-specific - E.g., Taking your body temperature.

Mathematics Journals

Here are some math-specific journals that you may want to check out!

Gray Literature

Gray literature is the information created by organizations such as government agencies, professional associations, research institutes, and think tanks that are not published in scholarly journals or books. This includes:

  • Technical papers
  • Government reports
  • White papers
  • Theses & Dissertations 
  • Conference Proceedings
  • Pre-print journal articles

Gray literature is produced by researchers and practitioners in a field and is an important component of a thorough literature review due to its depth and breadth, timeliness, flexibility, and open access.


Content written by Lisa Clarke (Librarian, NOAA Central Library) in the Gray Literature research guide. Current as of 21 Jun 2023.

Fall '24 Librarian

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Anthony Paganelli
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