| KEY TERMINOLOGY | ||
| Artificial Intelligence: capacity of computers or other machines to exhibit or simulate intelligence behavior (OED, 1955-) | Generative AI: artificial intelligence designed to produce output, esp. text or images, previously thought to require human intelligence, typically by using machine learning to extrapolate from large collections of data (OED, 2001-) | Large Language Model: foundation models designed to understand and generate text like a human, in addition to other forms of content, based on the vast amount of data used to train them (IBM, 2023) |
| Machine Learning: capacity of computers to learn and adapt without following explicit instructions, by using algorithms and statistical models to analyze and infer from patterns in data (OED, 1953-) | Deep Learning: machine learning based on artificial neural networks in which multiple layers of processing are used to extract progressively more features from data (OED, 1986-) | Natural Language Processing: enables computers to understand spoken and written human language (Coursera, 2024) |
| Training Data: information/examples given to an AI system to enable it to learn, find patterns, and create new content (Coursera, 2024) | Sentiment Analysis: process of using artificial intelligence to analyze the tone and opinion of a given text (Coursera, 2024) | Predictive Analytics: uses technology to predict what will happen in a specific time frame based on historical data and patterns (Coursera, 2024) |
| Hallucination: an incorrect response or false information from an AI system in an output presented as factual information (Coursera, 2024) | Chatbot: computer program designed to simulate conversation with a human user, usually over the internet (OED, 1994-) | Algorithm: sequence of rules given to an AI machine to perform a task or solve a problem through classification, regression, and/or clustering (Coursera, 2024) |
MAJOR PLAYERS
| TIMELINE OF AI MILESTONES | |||
| Pre-1950s | 1950s-1970s | 1980s-2000s | 2010s-Present |
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Alan Turing theorizes that computers can be taught to program and learn on their own (1935), later introducing Artificial Intelligence officially via a public lecture (1947-8). |
Early AI programs are able to play checkers (1951-2), memorize virtual shopping tasks (1952), and simulate human conversations (1966). The first artificial neural network is created (1954), but logic programming relies on secondhand intelligence (1955-7). Expertly trained systems outperform humans in simple dedicated tasks, but the extensive effort and expense required to train AI leads funding loss. |
The first multiprocessing supercomputer (1985), self-driving car (1986), and robot vacuum (2002) are developed. Computers are able to conjugate verbs (1986), use given knowledge to extract and intuit information, and beat humans at chess (1997). |
Body movements are able to be incorporated into video games (2010). IBM's Watson wins a game of Jeopardy and Apple's Siri is released (2011), while a deep learning program beats a complex board game (2015). The first sophisticated human-like robot is built (2016). Dall-E (2021) and ChatGPT (2022) are introduced. Questions about AI ethics, privacy, and guardrails emerge. |
MAJOR TAKEAWAYS
